International Journal of Biological Sciences Volume 6
Microbial and Bioconversion Production of D-xylitol and Its Detection and Application
Xi Chen, Zi-Hua Jiang, Sanfeng Chen, Wensheng Qin
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Biolsci.orgD-Xylitol is found in low content as a natural constituent of many fruits and vegetables. It is a five-carbon sugar polyol and has been used as a food additive and sweetening agent to replace sucrose, especially for non-insulin dependent diabetics. It has multiple beneficial health effects, such as the prevention of dental caries, and acute otitis
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Analysis of Microsatellite DNA Markers Reveals no Genetic Differentiation between Wild and Hatchery Populations of Pacific Threadfin in Hawaii
Gang Pan, Jinzeng Yang
Pacific threadfin, Polydactylus sexfilis, is popular fish in recreational fishing, as well as aquaculture in Hawaii. Its natural population has been continuously declining in the past several decades. Microsatellite DNA markers are useful DNA-based tool for monitoring Pacific threadfin populations. In this study, fifteen Microsatellite (MS) DNA
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SRp20 is a proto-oncogene critical for cell proliferation and tumor induction and maintenance
Rong Jia, Cuiling Li, J. Philip McCoy, Chu-Xia Deng, Zhi-Ming Zheng
Tumor cells display a different profile of gene expression than their normal counterparts. Perturbations in the levels of cellular splicing factors can alter gene expression, potentially leading to tumorigenesis. We found that splicing factor SRp20 (SFRS3) is highly expressed in cancers. SRp20 regulated the expression of Forkhead box transcription
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Applications of Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Focused on Disease Modeling, Drug Screening and Therapeutic Potentials for Liver Disease
Yong Soon Chun, Pooja Chaudhari, Yoon-Young Jang
The recent advances in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) research have significantly changed our perspectives on regenerative medicine by providing researchers with a unique tool to derive disease-specific stem cells for study. In this review, we describe the human iPSC generation from developmentally diverse origins (i.e. endoderm-,
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S-Adenosylmethionine Inhibits the Growth of Cancer Cells by Reversing the Hypomethylation Status of c-myc and H-ras in Human Gastric Cancer and Colon Cancer
Jin Luo, Yan-Ni Li, Fei Wang, Wei-Ming Zhang, Xin Geng
A global DNA hypomethylation might activate oncogene transcription, thus promoting carcinogenesis and tumor development. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) serves as a major methyl donor in biological transmethylation events. The object of this study is to explore the influence of SAM on the status of methylation at the promoter of the oncogenes c-myc,
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Modulation of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Affects Multidrug Resistance in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Xianlong Ling, Yuan Zhou, Shi-Wei Li, Bin Yan, Lei Wen
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a critical problem in the chemotherapy of cancers. Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) responds poorly to chemotherapy owing to its potent MDR. Chemotherapeutic drugs primarily act by inducing apoptosis of cancer cells, and defects in apoptosis may result in MDR. Mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) is
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The Glypican 3-Hosted Murine Mir717 Gene: Sequence Conservation, Seed Region Polymorphisms and Putative Targets
Tanja Kunej, Dasa Jevsinek Skok, Simon Horvat, Peter Dovc, Zhihua Jiang
Mir717 (mmu-mir-717) was first reported in mouse and resides in the intron 3 of glypican 3 (Gpc3) gene. Our present study revealed that this microRNA (miRNA) gene is conserved among 26 mammalian species and harbors polymorphic sites within the mature seed region in mice. Our finding represents a rare four layer genomic overlap consisting of growth
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Non-Homologous End Joining Plays a Key Role in Transgene Concatemer Formation in Transgenic Zebrafish Embryos
Jun Dai, Xiaojuan Cui, Zuoyan Zhu, Wei Hu
This study focused on concatemer formation and integration pattern of transgenes in zebrafish embryos. A reporter plasmid based on enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) driven by Cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, pCMV-pax6in-eGFP, was constructed to reflect transgene behavior in the host environment. After removal of the insertion fragment by
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Viral Oncogenes, Noncoding RNAs, and RNA Splicing in Human Tumor Viruses
Zhi-Ming Zheng
Viral oncogenes are responsible for oncogenesis resulting from persistent virus infection. Although different human tumor viruses express different viral oncogenes and induce different tumors, their oncoproteins often target similar sets of cellular tumor suppressors or signal pathways to immortalize and/or transform infected cells. Expression of
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GEP, a Local Growth Factor, is Critical for Odontogenesis and Amelogenesis
Zhengguo Cao, Baichun Jiang, Yixia Xie, Chuan-ju Liu, Jian Q. Feng
Granulin epithelin precursor (GEP) is a new growth factor that functions in brain development, chondrogenesis, tissue regeneration, tumorigenesis, and inflammation. The goal of this study was to study whether GEP was critical for odontogenesis and amelogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. The in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry data
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Role of clusters in insulin-regulated GLUT4 trafficking in adipose cells: A new paradigm?
Jian Yang
Insulin stimulates glucose transport in muscle and adipose cells by stimulating translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane. In a recent Cell Metabolism paper, Stenkula et al. found that insulin controls the spatial distribution of GLUT4 on the surface of isolated adipose cells through regulation of their post-fusion
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Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling in retinoblastoma cells
Maike Haubold, Andreas Weise, Harald Stephan, Nicole Dünker
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Biolsci.orgBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) - expressed in the developing retina - are known to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in several tumor entities. The objective of this study was to determine the role of the BMP4 pathway in retinoblastoma cells, which are absent in a functional retinoblastoma (RB1) gene. BMP
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Lipid metabolism, adipocyte depot physiology and utilization of meat animals as experimental models for metabolic research
Michael V. Dodson, Gary J. Hausman, LeLuo Guan, Min Du, Theodore P. Rasmussen, Sylvia P. Poulos, Priya Mir, Werner G. Bergen, Melinda E. Fernyhough, Douglas C. McFarland, Robert P. Rhoads, Beatrice Soret, James M. Reecy, Sandra G. Velleman, Zhihua Jiang
Meat animals are unique as experimental models for both lipid metabolism and adipocyte studies because of their direct economic value for animal production. This paper discusses the principles that regulate adipogenesis in major meat animals (beef cattle, dairy cattle, and pigs), the definition of adipose depot-specific regulation of lipid
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Liver Steatosis and Increased ChREBP Expression in Mice Carrying a Liver Specific SIRT1 Null Mutation under a Normal Feeding Condition
Rui-Hong Wang, Cuiling Li, Chu-Xia Deng
SIRT1, a homolog of yeast Sir2, is a type III NAD+ dependent histone and protein deacetylase. Previous studies of mice carrying liver specific deletion of exon 4 of the Sirt1 gene revealed opposite responses of mutant mice to a high-fat diet in terms of fatty liver formation, which obscures the function of SRIT1 in liver development and lipid
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The application of Toll like receptors for cancer therapy
Eui Young So, Toru Ouchi
Toll-like receptor (TLR) proteins play key roles in immune responses against infection. Using TLR proteins, host can recognize the conserved molecular structures found in pathogens called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). At the same time, some TLRs are able to detect specific host molecules, such as high-mobility group box protein 1
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Mechanism of Processive Movement of Monomeric and Dimeric Kinesin Molecules
Ping Xie
Kinesin molecules are motor proteins capable of moving along microtubule by hydrolyzing ATP. They generally have several forms of construct. This review focuses on two of the most studied forms: monomers such as KIF1A (kinesin-3 family) and dimers such as conventional kinesin (kinesin-1 family), both of which can move processively towards the
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Nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) regulates transcription of mouse Dmrt7 gene by binding to tandem CCAAT boxes in its proximal promoter
Yu Hou, Xiang Zhou, Jie Liu, Jia Yuan, Hanhua Cheng, Rongjia Zhou
Dmrt7, a member of the Dmrt family of genes, is required for spermatogenesis. However, promoter functions of the gene Dmrt7 remain unknown. We have cloned and characterized the proximal promoter region of the mouse Dmrt7 gene. Functional analysis of the 5' flanking region by sequential deletion mutations revealed crucial positive elements between
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Mechanical Forces Used for Cell Fractionation Can Create Hybrid Membrane Vesicles
Izhar Salomon, Hans Janssen, Jacques Neefjes
The ability to understand the inner works of the cell requires methods for separation of intracellular membrane-enclosed compartments. Disruption of the plasma membrane (PM) by mechanical forces to investigate the content of the cell is common practice. Whether vesicles or membranes of different sources can fuse as a result is unclear. If such
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Comparative Analysis of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response Induced by Dendritic Cells Loaded with Hepatocellular Carcinoma -Derived RNA or Cell Lysate
Ke Pan, Jing-jing Zhao, Hui Wang, Jian-jun Li, Xiao-ting Liang, Jian-cong Sun, Yi-bing Chen, Hai-qing Ma, Qing Liu, Jian-chuan Xia
The choice of the tumor antigen preparation used for dendritic cell (DC) loading is important for optimizing DC vaccines. In the present study, we compared DCs pulsed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) total RNA or cell lysates for their capacity to activate T cells. We showed here that HCC total RNA pulsed-DCs induced effector T lymphocyte
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Gene Expression Profiling of Skeletal Muscle of Nursing Piglets
Caode Jiang, Ping Shi, Shun Li, Ranran Dong, Jiawei Tian, Jin Wei, Shuang Luo
To gain insight into the regulation mechanism associated with the rapid gain in skeletal muscle during neonatal period, gene expression profiles of skeletal muscle of nursing pigs was investigated using Affymetrix Porcine GeneChip. A total of 1094 transcripts were detected as differential expression over time course tested (p<0.01,
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Antennal expression pattern of two olfactory receptors and an odorant binding protein implicated in host odor detection by the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae
Danuta Schymura, Maike Forstner, Anna Schultze, Thomas Kröber, Luc Swevers, Kostas Iatrou, Jürgen Krieger
Odor-detection in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae involves large families of diverse proteins, including multiple odorant binding proteins (AgOBPs) and olfactory receptors (AgORs). The receptors AgOR1 and AgOR2, as well as the binding protein AgOBP1, have been implicated in the recognition of human host odors. In this study, we have
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Correction: Clinical diagnosis for discogenic low back pain
Yin-gang Zhang, Tuan-mao Guo, Xiong Guo, Shi-xun Wu
Aberrant Cytoplasm Localization and Protein Stability of SIRT1 is Regulated by PI3K/IGF-1R Signaling in Human Cancer Cells
Vanessa Byles, Laura K. Chmilewski, Joyce Wang, Lijia Zhu, Lora W. Forman, Douglas V. Faller, Yan Dai
Authors are encouraged to suggest names of reviewers. Accepted papers
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Biolsci.orgSIRT1, an NAD-dependent histone/protein deacetylase, has classically been thought of as a nuclear protein. In this study, we demonstrate that SIRT1 is mainly localized in the nucleus of normal cells, but is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of the cancer / transformed cells we tested. We found this predominant cytoplasmic localization of
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Debate on GMOs Health Risks after Statistical Findings in Regulatory Tests
Joël Spiroux de Vendômois, Dominique Cellier, Christian Vélot, Emilie Clair, Robin Mesnage, Gilles-Eric Séralini
We summarize the major points of international debate on health risk studies for the main commercialized edible GMOs. These GMOs are soy, maize and oilseed rape designed to contain new pesticide residues since they have been modified to be herbicide-tolerant (mostly to Roundup) or to produce mutated Bt toxins. The debated alimentary chronic risks
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Construction of cDNA library and preliminary analysis of expressed sequence tags from Siberian tiger
Chang-Qing Liu, Tao-Feng Lu, Bao-Gang Feng, Dan Liu, Wei-Jun Guan, Yue-Hui Ma
In this study we successfully constructed a full-length cDNA library from Siberian tiger, Panthera tigris altaica, the most well-known wild Animal. Total RNA was extracted from cultured Siberian tiger fibroblasts in vitro. The titers of primary and amplified libraries were 1.30×106 pfu/ml and 1.62×109 pfu/ml respectively. The proportion
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Anterior Visceral Endoderm SMAD4 Signaling Specifies Anterior Embryonic Patterning and Head Induction in Mice
Cuiling Li, Yi-Ping Li, Xin-Yuan Fu, Chu-Xia Deng
SMAD4 serves as a common mediator for signaling of TGF-β superfamily. Previous studies illustrated that SMAD4-null mice die at embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5) due to failure of mesoderm induction and extraembryonic defects; however, functions of SMAD4 in each germ layer remain elusive. To investigate this, we disrupted SMAD4 in the visceral endoderm
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Activity and interactions of antibiotic and phytochemical combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro
Premkumar Jayaraman, Meena K Sakharkar, Chu Sing Lim, Thean Hock Tang, Kishore R. Sakharkar
In this study the in vitro activities of seven antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, tetracycline, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, polymyxin B and piperacillin) and six phytochemicals (protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, berberine and myricetin) against five P. aeruginosa isolates, alone and in combination are evaluated. All
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Myocardial deletion of Smad4 using a novel α skeletal muscle actin Cre recombinase transgenic mouse causes misalignment of the cardiac outflow tract
Mohamad Azhar, Pei-Yu Wang, Tony Frugier, Kyoko Koishi, Chuxia Deng, Peter G. Noakes, Ian S. McLennan
SMAD4 acts as the converging point for TGFβ and BMP signaling in heart development. Here, we investigated the role of SMAD4 in heart development using a novel α skeletal muscle actin Cre recombinase (MuCre) transgenic mouse strain. Lineage tracing using MuCre/ROSA26LacZ reporter mice indicated strong Cre-recombinase expression in
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Circling behavior developed in Dmp1 null mice is due to bone defects in the vestibular apparatus
Kun Lv, Haiyang Huang, Yongbo Lu, Chunlin Qin, Zubing Li, Jian Q. Feng
With age, there is a progressive loss of body balance function. Yet, the potential influence of osteoporosis on body balance is largely unknown. Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is highly expressed in bone and required for phosphate homeostasis and mineralization. Dmp1 null mice display striking defects in bone structure. In this study we reported
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Alpha-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Can Reverse The Catabolic Influence Of UHMWPE Particles On RANKL Expression In Primary Human Osteoblasts
Max D. Kauther, Jie Xu, Christian Wedemeyer
Background and purpose: A linkage between the neurotransmitter alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (alpha-CGRP) and particle-induced osteolysis has been shown previously. The suggested osteoprotective influence of alpha-CGRP on the catabolic effects of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles is analyzed in this study in
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BP1, an Isoform of DLX4 Homeoprotein, Negatively Regulates BRCA1 in Sporadic Breast Cancer
Brian J. Kluk, Yebo Fu, Trina A. Formolo, Lei Zhang, Anne K. Hindle, Yan-gao Man, Robert S. Siegel, Patricia E. Berg, Chuxia Deng, Timothy A. McCaffrey, Sidney W. Fu
Introduction: Several lines of evidence point to an important role for BP1, an isoform of DLX4 homeobox gene, in breast carcinogenesis and progression. BRCA1 is a well-known player in the etiology of breast cancer. While familial breast cancer is often marked by BRCA1 mutation and subsequent loss of heterozygosity, sporadic breast cancers exhibit
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Increased Proliferation and Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Human Wharton's Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells under Hypoxia
Usha Nekanti, Sumitava Dastidar, Parvathy Venugopal, Satish Totey, Malancha Ta
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from Wharton's jelly (WJ) of umbilical cord bear higher proliferation rate and self-renewal capacity than adult tissue-derived MSCs and are a primitive stromal cell population. Stem cell niche or physiological microenvironment plays a crucial role in maintenance of stem cell properties and oxygen
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Identification and Molecular Characterization of a New Member of the Peritrophic Membrane Proteins from the Meadow Moth, Loxostege Sticticalis
Jiao Yin, Zhao-Jun Wei, Ke-Bin Li, Ya-Zhong Cao, Wei Guo
The peritrophic membrane (PM) plays an important role in protecting insects. The PM proteins are important to determinate the formation and function of the PM. A new PM protein, named Lsti99, was identified from the PM of Loxostege sticticalis larvae by cDNA library screening. The full cDNA of Lsti99 is 1392 bp in length, contains an open reading
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Smaller cardiac cell size and reduced extra-cellular collagen might be beneficial for hearts of Ames dwarf mice
Scott A. Helms, Gohar Azhar, Chunlai Zuo, Sue A. Theus, Andrzej Bartke, Jeanne Y. Wei
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Biolsci.orgPurpose: To test the hypothesis that cardiac morphologic differences between Ames dwarf and wild-type littermates might correlate with the increased longevity observed in the Ames dwarf mice.Methods: Hearts removed from young adult (5-7 mo) and old (24-28 mo) Ames dwarf and wild-type littermates underwent histological and morphometric analysis.
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Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells from Animals I. Basic Cell Biology
Michael V. Dodson, Gary J. Hausman, LeLuo Guan, Min Du, Theodore P. Rasmussen, Sylvia P. Poulos, Priya Mir, Werner G. Bergen, Melinda E. Fernyhough, Douglas C. McFarland, Robert P. Rhoads, Beatrice Soret, James M. Reecy, Sandra G. Velleman, Zhihua Jiang
Skeletal muscle stem cells from food-producing animals are of interest to agricultural life scientists seeking to develop a better understanding of the molecular regulation of lean tissue (skeletal muscle protein hypertrophy) and intramuscular fat (marbling) development. Enhanced understanding of muscle stem cell biology and function is essential
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Expression of Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type 4 in Ovarian Tumors
Lin Wang, Xiaotian Chang, Guangying Yuan, Yan Zhao, Pengcheng Wang
Peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4) converts arginine residues into citrulline. The current study focused on the expression of PADI4 in various subtypes of ovary cancers, and this study investigated the effects of estrogen on PADI4 expression in SKOV-3 cells that originated from ovary tumors. We utilized immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR
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Catalpol Increases Brain Angiogenesis and Up-Regulates VEGF and EPO in the Rat after Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
Hui-Feng Zhu, Dong Wan, Yong Luo, Jia-Li Zhou, Li Chen, Xiao-Yu Xu
To investigate the role and mechanism of catalpol in brain angiogenesis in a rat model of stroke, the effect of catalpol (5 mg/kg; i.p) or vehicle administered 24 hours after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) on behavior, angiogenesis, ultra-structural integrity of brain capillary endothelial cells, and expression of EPO and VEGF
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Increased invasiveness and aggressiveness in breast epithelia with cytoplasmic p63 expression
Yi-Hsuan Hsiao, Yan A. Su, Horng-Der Tsai, Jeffrey T. Mason, Ming-Chih Chou, Yan-gao Man
Our previous studies revealed that pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC) had significantly reduced nuclear p63 expression in myoepithelia, while intense cytoplasmic p63 expression in associated epithelia. Our current study assessed these epithelia using immunohistochemistry with a panel of aggressiveness and invasiveness related markers and
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Fluorouracil Selectively Enriches Stem-like Leukemic Cells in a Leukemic Cell Line
Ling Zhang, Song Yang, Yu-Juan He, Hui-Yuan Shao, Li Wang, Hui Chen, Yu-Jie Gao, Feng-Xian Qing, Xian-Chun Chen, Liu-Yang Zhao, Shi Tan
Recent studies have reported that cancer stem cells (CSCs) could be isolated from solid cancer cell lines, in which the purity of CSCs was higher than that from tumor tissues. Separation of CSCs from leukemic cell lines was rarely reported. In this study, CD34+CD38- stem-like cell subsets in human KG-1a leukemic cell line were enriched by
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Subtle evolutionary changes in the distribution of N-glycosylation sequons in the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120
R. Shyama Prasad Rao, Bernd Wollenweber
Many viruses are known to undergo rapid evolutionary changes under selective pressures. The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) shows extreme selection for NXS/T sequons, the potential sites of N-glycosylation. Although the average number of sequons in gp120 appears to be relatively stable in the recent past, even slight changes in the
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Sustained Expression of TDP-43 and FUS in Motor Neurons in Rodent's Lifetime
Cao Huang, Pedro Yuxing Xia, Hongxia Zhou
TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) are two highly conserved ribonucleoproteins. Pathogenic mutations of the TDP-43 or the FUS gene are all linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that is characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons. To better understand the correlation of ALS disease genes with the
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E2F-1 binding affinity for pRb is not the only determinant of the E2F-1 activity
Fikret Sahin, Todd L. Sladek
E2F-1 is the major cellular target of pRB and is regulated by pRB during cell proliferation. Interaction between pRB and E2F-1 is dependent on the phosphorylation status of pRB. Despite the fact that E2F-1 and pRB have antagonistic activities when they are overexpressed, the role of the E2F-1-pRB interaction in cell growth largely remains unknown.
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Proliferation of Myoblast Skeletal Cells on Three-Dimensional Supermacroporous Cryogels
Deepti Singh, Vijayashree Nayak, Ashok Kumar
Cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue engineering provides a smart approach to overcome problems associated with organ transplantation and cardiac tissue and also lays a platform for superior alternative approaches in muscle regeneration. The aim of the study was to demonstrate cryogel scaffold potential in the field of skeletal muscle and cardiac
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Regulation of Vid-dependent degradation of FBPase by TCO89, a component of TOR Complex 1
Yan Yan, Bin Kang
A pivotal gluconeogenic enzyme in Saccharomyces cerevisuae, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) was selectively turned over in vacuole via Vid (vacuole import and degradation) dependent pathway in response to the fresh glucose after chronic glucose starvation. TCO89, a novel and unique component of Tor Complex I (TORCI), was found to physically
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Differential transcriptional analysis between red and white skeletal muscle of Chinese Meishan pigs
Yang Li, Zaiyan Xu, Hongying Li, Yuanzhu Xiong, Bo Zuo
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Biolsci.orgIn order to better understand and elucidate the major determinants of red and white muscle phenotypic properties, the global gene expression profiling was performed in white (longissimus doris) and red (soleus) skeletal muscle of Chinese Meishan pigs using the Affymetrix Porcine Genechip. 550 transcripts at least 1.5-fold difference were
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Water Buffalo Genome Science Comes of Age
Vanessa N. Michelizzi, Michael V. Dodson, Zengxiang Pan, M Elisabete J Amaral, Jennifer J. Michal, Derek J. McLean, James E. Womack, Zhihua Jiang
The water buffalo is vital to the lives of small farmers and to the economy of many countries worldwide. Not only are they draught animals, but they are also a source of meat, horns, skin and particularly the rich and precious milk that may be converted to creams, butter, yogurt and many cheeses. Genome analysis of water buffalo has advanced
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Generation of Fgfr3 Conditional Knockout Mice
Nan Su, Xiaoling Xu, Cuiling Li, Qifen He, Ling Zhao, Can Li, Siyu Chen, Fengtao Luo, Lingxian Yi, Xiaolan Du, Haiyang Huang, Chuxia Deng, Lin Chen
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), highly conserved in both humans and murine, is one of key tyrosine kinase receptors for FGF. FGFR3 is expressed in different tissues, including cartilage, brain, kidney, and intestine at different development stages. Conventional knockout of Fgfr3 alleles leads to short life span, and overgrowth of
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Cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of goat (Capra hircus) phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx)
Li-guang SHI, Wen-juan XUN, Wen-bin YUE, Chun-xiang ZHANG, You-she REN, Qian WANG, Xiao-ying WU, Lei SHI, Ru-jie YANG, Fu-lin LEI
Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx), as a ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme in the glutathione peroxidases (GPx) family, plays multiple roles in organisms. However, there is very little information on PHGPx in goats (Capra hircus). In this study, a full-length cDNA was cloned and characterized from Taihang black goat testes. The
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Survival of Escherichia coli under lethal heat stress by L-form conversion
Nadya Markova, Georgi Slavchev, Lilia Michailova, Mimi Jourdanova
Transition of bacteria to cell wall deficient L-forms in response to stress factors has been assumed as a potential mechanism for survival of microbes under unfavorable conditions. In this article, we provide evidence of paradoxal survival through L-form conversion of E. coli high cell density population after lethal treatments (boiling or
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Antiviral actions of flavanoid-derived compounds on dengue virus type-2
Mudiana Muhamad, Lee Yean Kee, Noorsaadah Abd. Rahman, Rohana Yusof
Dengue viruses, mosquito-borne members of the Flaviviridae family, are the causative agents of dengue fever and its associated complications, dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. To date, more than 2.5 billion people in over 100 countries are at risk of infection, and approximately 20 million infections were reported annually.
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Melatonin Plays a Protective Role in Postburn Rodent Gut Pathophysiology
Walid M. Al-Ghoul, Steven Abu-Shaqra, Byeong Gyu Park, Nadeem Fazal
Melatonin is a possible protective agent in postburn gut pathophysiological dynamics. We investigated the role of endogenously-produced versus exogenously-administered melatonin in a major thermal injury rat model with well-characterized gut inflammatory complications. Our rationale is that understanding in vivo melatonin mechanisms in control and
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Notch and Wnt Signaling, Physiological Stimuli and Postnatal Myogenesis
Susan Tsivitse
Adult skeletal muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells are imperative to muscle regeneration. Much work has been performed on satellite cell identification and the subsequent activation of the myogenic response but the regulation of satellite cells including its activation is not well elucidated. The purpose of this review article is to
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NIP/DuoxA is essential for Drosophila embryonic development and regulates oxidative stress response
Xiaojun Xie, Jack Hu, Xiping Liu, Hanjuan Qin, Anthony Percival-Smith, Yong Rao, Shawn S.C. Li
NIP/DuoxA, originally cloned as a protein capable of binding to the cell fate determinant Numb in Drosophila, was recently identified as a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mammalian systems. Despite biochemical and cellular studies that link NIP/DuoxA to the generation of ROS through the dual oxidase (Duox) enzyme, the in
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Natural and artificial mutants as valuable resources for functional genomics and molecular breeding
Shu-Ye Jiang, Srinivasan Ramachandran
With the completion of rice genome sequencing, large collection of expression data and the great efforts in annotating rice genomes, the next challenge is to systematically assign functions to all predicted genes in the genome. The generations and collections of mutants at the genome-wide level form technological platform of functional genomics.
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Leukocyte infiltration as a surrogate marker for diagnosis of invasion
Aijun Liu, Lixin Wei
Dr. YG Man's hypothesis that breast tumor invasion is triggered by the aberrant leukocyte infiltration induced by degeneration of myoepithelial cells holds a lot of truth in our clinical practice, and leukocyte infiltration may be regarded as a surrogate marker for diagnosis of
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Analysis of differentially expressed mitochondrial proteins in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas and renal oncocytomas by 2-D gel electrophoresis
Maria V. Yusenko, Thomas Ruppert, Gyula Kovacs
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Biolsci.orgRenal oncocytomas (RO) and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (RCC) display morphological and functional alterations of the mitochondria. Previous studies showed that accumulation of mitochondria in ROs is associated with somatic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) resulting in decreased activity of the respiratory chain complex I, whereas in
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Uncoupling oxidative/energy metabolism with low sub chronic doses of 3-nitropropionic acid or iodoacetate in vivo produces striatal cell damage
E Rodríguez, I Rivera, S Astorga, E Mendoza, F García, E Hernández-Echeagaray
A variety of evidence suggests that the failure of cellular metabolism is one of the underlying causes of neurodegenerative diseases. For example, the inhibition of mitochondrial function produces a pattern of cellular pathology in the striatum that resembles that seen in Huntington's disease. However, neurons can also generate ATP through the
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Studies on the Developmental Potentiality of Cultured Cell Nuclei of Fish
Hongxi Chen, Yonglan Yi, Minrong Chen, Xingqi Yang
By means of the serial nuclear transplantation technique, the authors obtained a nuclear transplant fish from subcultured cell originated from the blastula cells of the crucian carp (Carassius auratus Linnaeus). This nuclear transplant fish survived for three years, but its sexual glands were undifferentiated. The authors have also obtained a
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An Unknown Piece of Early Work of Nuclear Reprogramming in Fish Eggs
Chuxia Deng, Hanqin Liu
Rab5(Q79L) interacts with the carboxyl terminus of RUFY3
Hitomi Yoshida, Naoko Okumura, Yasuko Kitagishi, Naoki Shirafuji, Satoru Matsuda
The complete mitochondrial genome of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)
Fang Liao, Lin Wang, Song Wu, Yu-Ping Li, Lei Zhao, Guo-Ming Huang, Chun-Jing Niu, Yan-Qun Liu, Ming-Gang Li
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) was determined. The genome is a circular molecule 15 481 bp long. It presents a typical gene organization and order for completely sequenced lepidopteran mitogenomes, but differs from the insect ancestral type for the placement of tRNAMet.
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The ulcerative colitis marker protein WAFL interacts with accessory proteins in endocytosis
You Fu Pan, Ing-Marie Viklund, Heng Hang Tsai, Sven Pettersson, Ichiro N. Maruyama
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the major forms of inflammatory bowel disease with unknown cause. A molecular marker, WAFL, has recently been found to be up-regulated in the inflamed colonic mucosa of UC patients. Towards understanding biological function of WAFL, we analyzed proteins interacting with WAFL in HEK-293 cells by immunoprecipitation
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Tumors Induced in Mice by Direct Inoculation of Plasmid DNA Expressing Both Activated H-ras and c-myc
Li Sheng-Fowler, Fang Cai, Haiqing Fu, Yong Zhu, Brian Orrison, Gideon Foseh, Don G. Blair, Stephen H. Hughes, John M. Coffin, Andrew M. Lewis Jr, Keith Peden
Vaccines contain residual DNA derived from the cells used to produce them. As part of our investigation to assess the risk of this cellular DNA, we are developing a quantitative in vivo assay to assess the oncogenicity of DNA. In an earlier study, we had generated expression plasmids for two oncogenes - human activated T24-H-ras and murine c-myc -
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Does the difference between physically active and couch potato lie in the dopamine system?
Amy M. Knab, J Timothy Lightfoot
Obesity and other inactivity related diseases are increasing at an alarming rate especially in Western societies. Because of this, it is important to understand the regulating mechanisms involved in physical activity behavior. Much research has been done in regard to the psychological determinants of physical activity behavior; however, little is
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Aberrant leukocyte infiltration: a direct trigger for breast tumor invasion and metastasis
Yan-gao Man
Our previous studies revealed that leukocyte infiltration could trigger breast and prostate tumor invasion through physical disruption of tumor capsules. Our current study, involving multiple types of human tumors, further suggests that leukocyte infiltration also triggers metastasis through the following pathways : 1) the physical movement into
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E2F-1 has dual roles depending on the cell cycle
Fikret Sahin, Todd L. Sladek
The E2F family of transcription factors play a critical role in the control of cell proliferation. E2F-1 is the major cellular target of pRB and is regulated by pRB during cell proliferation. E2F-1-mediated activation and repression of target genes occurs in different settings. The role of E2F-1 and E2F-1/pRB complexes in regulation of different
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High prevalence of multiple paternity in the invasive crayfish species, Procambarus clarkii
Gen Hua Yue, Jia Le Li, Chun Ming Wang, Jun Hong Xia, Gen Lin Wang, Jian Bing Feng
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Biolsci.orgReproductive strategy is a central feature of the ecology of invasive species as it determines the potential for population increase and range expansion. The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, has invaded many countries and caused serious problems in freshwater ecosystems. However, little is known about the effects of environmental
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Overexpression of bacterial ethylene-forming enzyme gene in Trichoderma reesei enhanced the production of ethylene
Xi Chen, Yong Liang, Jing Hua, Li Tao, Wensheng Qin, Sanfeng Chen
In order to efficiently utilize natural cellulose materials to produce ethylene, three expression vectors containing the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) gene from Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea were constructed. The target gene was respectively controlled by different promoters: cbh I promoter from Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolases I gene,
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Comparative study of the binding pockets of mammalian proprotein convertases and its implications for the design of specific small molecule inhibitors
Sun Tian, Wu Jianhua
Proprotein convertases are enzymes that proteolytically cleave protein precursors in the secretory pathway to yield functional proteins. Seven mammalian subtilisin/Kex2p-like proprotein convertases have been identified: furin, PC1, PC2, PC4, PACE4, PC5 and PC7. The binding pockets of all seven proprotein convertases are evolutionarily conserved
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Cellular and molecular comparison of redifferentiation of intramuscular- and visceral-adipocyte derived progeny cells
Jie Chen, Michael V. Dodson, Zhihua Jiang
In the present study, mature adipocytes from pig-derived visceral and intramuscular adipose depots were isolated, purified, and allowed to undergo dedifferentiation and redifferentiation in vitro. During the redifferentiation process at days 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8, we observed that both visceral- and intramuscular adipose-derived progeny cells
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Keratin promoter based gene manipulation in the murine conducting airway
Stephen P. Malkoski, Timothy G. Cleaver, Shi-Long Lu, Jessyka G. Lighthall, Xiao-Jing Wang
Systems capable of targeting genetic manipulations to keratin-positive airway basal cells are more poorly developed than systems targeting other airway epithelial cell populations and this has likely hindered development of animal models of diseases such as lung squamous cell carcinoma. Although keratin promoter driven-Cre recombinase constructs
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A manually curated network of the PML nuclear body interactome reveals an important role for PML-NBs in SUMOylation dynamics
Ellen Van Damme, Kris Laukens, Thanh Hai Dang, Xaveer Van Ostade
Promyelocytic Leukaemia Protein nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) are dynamic nuclear protein aggregates. To gain insight in PML-NB function, reductionist and high throughput techniques have been employed to identify PML-NB proteins. Here we present a manually curated network of the PML-NB interactome based on extensive literature review including database
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An Overview of Stress Response and Hypometabolic Strategies in Caenorhabditis elegans: Conserved and Contrasting Signals with the Mammalian System
Benjamin Lant, Kenneth B. Storey
Studies of the molecular mechanisms that are involved in stress responses (environmental or physiological) have long been used to make links to disease states in humans. The nematode model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans, undergoes a state of hypometabolism called the 'dauer' stage. This period of developmental arrest is characterized by a
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Smad4-mediated TGF-β signaling in tumorigenesis
Guan Yang, Xiao Yang
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family members exert their function via specific type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors and intracellular Smad transcription factors, including the common mediator Smad4. The dual effects of TGF-β signaling on tumor initiation and progression are cell-specific and yet to be
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